Due to the large volumes of sediments dredged each year and their classification as waste materials, proper management is needed to efficiently dispose of or recycle them. This study aimed to recycle flash-calcined dredged sediment in the development of an eco-friendly 3D-printable mortar. Mortars with 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30% of flash-calcined sediment were studied. Two tests were carried out to determine the printability of the mixtures. First, a manual gun device was used to examine the extrudability, then a modified minislump test was conducted to assess the buildability and shape-retention ability of the mixtures. Furthermore, the flow table test and the fall cone test were used to evaluate the workability and structural buildup, respectively. The compressive strength was also evaluated at 1, 7, and 28 days for printed and nonprinted mortar specimens. In addition, isothermal calorimetry measurements were conducted on corresponding cement pastes. The results showed that it was possible to print mortars with up to 10% of flash-calcined sediment with the preservation of extrudability and buildability. The results showed that flash-calcined sediment shortened the setting time, decreased the flowability, and enhanced the shape-retention ability. Nonprinted samples with 5% and 10% of flash-calcined sediment showed a similar to higher compressive strength compared to that of the reference mortar. However, printed samples recorded an equal to lower compressive strength than that of nonprinted samples. In addition, no significant change in the hydration process was detected for blended cement pastes compared to the reference cement paste.